The Problem Of Global Warming - 1311 Words

Introduction: The only place in our galaxy that we know is inhabitable is now being destroyed by man. As humanity has revolutionized we have created many problems along the way. The main problem we are facing right now is called global warming. We have damaged many ecosystems trying to better ourselves, and we have not yet once thought about the damage we are inflicting on our mother earth. We are already beginning to see the effects of global warming. It will make little changes that will have a huge impact, and devastate many ecosystems and everything living on earth. Thesis: If we do not change our ways now, imagine what the future will have in store for the next generations to come. We will all have to pay the price for the acts†¦show more content†¦In the website called Global Climate Change it stated that â€Å"On earth, human activities are changing the natural greenhouse. Over the last century the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil had increased the concentra tion of the atmospheric carbon dioxide† (Nasa). We don’t have to be scientist to know that global warming is happening. If we look around we can see all the damages that we are creating; but it seems like we are just covering our eyes and hoping it will go away. Point 3: Now that we are all aware global warming is happening. The effects that it is having on earth are now very noticeable. The temperatures have risen through the years, and many wonder why. In the Article Global Climate change it states that â€Å"The industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have raised atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 280 parts per million to 379 parts per million in the last 150 years† (Jackson). My teacher from high school Mrs. Wagner explain to us that all the carbon, and other natural gases we release into the atmosphere will not escape into space. Therefore it will create a thick blanket covering the atmosphere and heating up the planet. That is wh y the temperature has been going up throughout the years. Rising temperatures are not the only thing happening right now. We are also seeing droughts in many areas where there use to be a lot of fresh water that would flow by. In other places we are seeing flooding

Greek Justice Plato And Aristotle - 1085 Words

Philosophers and Justice as the Greek World Expands in 400-150 BCE Justice could be the defined as the quality of being fair and reasonable, during the period of 400-150 BCE when the Greek civilization was being formed. Plato and Aristotle are philosphers, who are leading figures of ancient Greek civilization and both discussed justice and established theories about the views of being just. Plato was a student of Socrates, and Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle and Plato had different philosophies about many subjects such as justice and injustice, the function of humans, truth, the human soul, art, and politics. Starting with Plato (427 BC-347 BC) one of the most important philosophers of the world and the founder of â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦To compare the political theories of two great philosophers of politics is to first examine each theory in depth. Plato is regarded by many experts as the first writer of political philosophy, and Aristotle is recognized as the first political scientist. These two men were great thinker s. They each had ideas of how to improve existing societies during their individual lifetimes. It is necessary to look at several areas of each theory to seek the difference and similarities in each. Both philosophers had common points and some differences, starting with Plato, where in the beginning of his conversation with Thrasymachus (Plato, The Republic ,Page 19), the latter defines justice as â€Å"what is the interest of the stronger party†. Socrates goes on to refute this definition by saying that the stronger party can be at fault sometimes, and a ruler can make mistakes. One of the questions that Plato pursued in his work was the one proposed by Thrasymachus who suggests that the pursuit of self-interest or injustice pays better than that the pursuit of justice. Socrates states that the injustice would create disagreement and weakness instead of strength. He says that injustice causes problems and weakens the group â€Å"†¦ whether it occurs in a state or fami ly or army or in anything else: it renders it incapable of any common action because of factions and quarrels, and sets it at variance with itself and with its opponents and with whatever is just† (Plato, The Republic, pageShow MoreRelatedEssay about How Greek Philosophers Affect our Learning Today1403 Words   |  6 PagesWorks Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 A. Plan of Investigation: The topic, Greek Philosophers, could be a very broad topic to write a research paper on. However, the plan of action, which will occur to create this report, will ensure that the end product will be different from the rest. The topic is not just about Greek Philosophers, but rather how it affects our learning today. There were many Greek Philosophers who produced great ideas and all of them contributed to our modern knowledgeRead MoreCritical Analysis of Plato and Aristotle1634 Words   |  7 PagesPOL 311 (HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT) TOPIC A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLES POLITICAL THOUGHT WRITTEN BY OKWOR, STEPHEN USHIE 09/ED/EF/814 DEPT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS (POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIT) FACULTY OF EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO DR. EJERE DEPT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO AKWA IBOM STATE MAY, 2012 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLES POLITICAL THOUGHT In order to compare these great philosophers, it isRead MoreHistorical Events That Took Place During The Classical Period1458 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Literature I Historically Significant Influences of Aristotle During the Classical Period, 500-232 BCE, Greece was at the peak of its political and cultural achievement. This was also a time of war, most noteworthy being the vast empire created by Alexander the Great. In a period containing such an immense amount of historical significance there is no doubting that it had influenced the people born. Notorious philosopher Aristotle is no exception, contributing a great deal to the fields ofRead MoreThe Era Between 350 And 310 Bc929 Words   |  4 PagesThe era between 350 and 310 BC marked a dramatic change in the Western World from the first, classical Hellenic Age of the Greeks, to the second, Hellenistic Age of the Greek Civilization. This classical period was considered the height of Greek civilization and deemed â€Å"The Golden Age† of ancient Greece. The polis (Greek city-state) was the center of Greek political life for the majority of this period. The poleis were small, independent, and self-sufficient; however, too politically divided to surviveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The First Ones 1562 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"What is justice?† and â€Å"How do we justify what is just or good?† have popped up in human minds and Plato and Aristotle were the first philosophers to answer these questions. 2. Plato 2.1. His Life To many people, Plato was known as the first writer of philosophy. Plato was born in Athens in 429 BC (Plato-Biography, egs.edu). His birth name was Aristocles and gained the nickname Platon later on. He had two brothers named Adeimantus and Glaucon (Plato-Biography, egs.edu). When Plato met SocratesRead MorePlato and Aristotle: An Analysis1175 Words   |  5 Pagesof Plato and Aristotle regarding the best political association. Quotes from Politics and the Republic are used to support the author’s thesis. Plato and Aristotle: An Analysis Determining the best form of political association was important to the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle, and each of them expressed his opinion in important works such as the Republic and Politics. In explaining, comparing, and contrasting the political philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, itRead MorePlato s The Republic And Aristotle933 Words   |  4 PagesThe Politics are two classic texts in ancient Greek political thought. 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Symptoms and Biochemical Screening †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Symptoms and Biochemical Screening. Answer: Introduction: Cushings syndrome encompasses a collection of symptoms and signs that occur due to prolonged cortisol exposure. In other words, Cushings syndrome or hypercortisolism occurs due to abnormality in the levels of cholesterol. Corticosteroid medications are considered as a primary reason for this physiological abnormality (Lacroix, Feelders, Stratakis Nieman, 2015). Most common symptoms of this condition include hypertension, abdominal obesity, round red face, lump between shoulders, muscle weakness and weak bones. This essay will contain a discussion on a case study of a patient Susan Summers and will describe the etiology, pathophysiology, cause and symptoms of this health abnormality management. Pathophysiology refers to the disorder or disrupted physical processes that are associated with development of an illness or disease. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus, located in the brain are responsible for the disease. The hypothalamus comprises for paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which releases CRH, the corticotropin-releasing hormone. This hormone is responsible fro stimulating the pituitary gland, which in turn gets triggered to release the polypeptide tropic hormone, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (Manenschijn et al., 2012). This hormone is found to get released in the bloodstream and travel along it, followed by reaching the adrenal glands, located on the top of kidneys. Upon reaching the adrenal gland, ACTH facilitates secretion of cortisol. Evidences suggest that cortisol belongs to the class of glucocorticoids and are released by the zona fasciculata layer of the adrenal cortex, in response to ACTH secretion (Lodish, Dunn, Sinaii, Keil Stratakis, 2012). An increase in the levels of cortisol is found to create a negative feedback loop on corticotropin hormone, which results in a subsequent reduction in the ACTH amount released from the anterior pituitary (Dekkers et al., 2013). Cortisol is responsible for regulating blood pressure and maintain normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Thus, cortisol-releasing adenoma present in the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands can be considered as the primary aetiology of Cushings syndrome. This results I an elevation in the levels of cortisol. A dexamethasone suppression test, followed by MRI of the pituitary gland and CT scan of the adrenal glands confirms the disease. The potential causes or aetiology of Cushings syndrome include prescribed administration of glucocorticoids for the treatment of other health abnormalities. Corticosteroid treatment is used for a plethora of diseases such as, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, or immunosuppression after an organ transplantation to prevent the immune cells from rejecting the transplant. Administration of medroxyprogesterone is also considered as a major factor that contributes to development of Cushings syndrome (Stratakis, 2012). It results in glucocorticoids are found to downregulate the release of ACTH hormone. Furthermore, a deviation from the normal functioning of the body in cortisol secretion also result in a condition, commonly referred to as endogenous Cushings syndrome. ACTH secretion is also found to occur from tumors located outside the pituitary-adrenal system, which in turn creates an impact on the adrenal glands (Guaraldi Salvatori, 2012). This aetiology is commonly referred to as paraneopl astic Cushings syndrome, due to its association with cancer cells in the body (de Bruin et al., 2012). Excess cortisol secretion can also occur due to high levels of stress, malnutrition, alcoholism or depression. Thus, the fact that Susan consumes wine on a regular basis significantly contributes to her current medical state management. Most common signs and symptoms associated with Cushings syndrome include rapid gain of weight, in the face and trunk, sparing certain parts of the limbs. Accumulation of fat along the collarbones, back of neck and face are commonly observed. Other major symptoms encompass capillary dilation, excess perspiration, skin thinning that results in dryness and bruises along the hands, red or purple striae, muscle weakness or hypoglycemia (Nieman, 2015). Women suffering from the condition are also found to suffer from irregular menstrual period and thicker facial or body hair. In addition, other symptoms such as, cognitive impairment, headache, impaired growth among children, emotional disturbances, and hypertension may also be observed. Thorough assessment and monitoring of post-operative patients are considered imperative for identifying all kinds of deterioration in the prevailing health condition. Such physical assessments involve measurement of a patients vital signs that encompass evaluation of the major life-sustaining functions of the physiological system. Measurements of vital signs help in assessing the general physical condition of the individual and also provides cues to detect probable health deteriorations or recuperation from a disease. Susans post-operative respiratory rate (RR) was found to be 30 breaths per minute. It commonly refers to the number of breaths taken by a person per minute. In other words, it indicates the number of movements that depict inspiration and expiration per unit time. Normal levels of RR range from 16-20, at rest (Elliott Coventry, 2012). This suggests that the patient Susan is suffering from tachypnea, where her RR has increased beyond 20 bpm. Blood pressure is another vital sign, the normal range of which is around 120/80 mmHg (Elliott Coventry, 2012). The patient demonstrates a higher blood pressure (160/90 mm Hg), that indicates presence of hypertensive symptoms. Her post-operative vital signs also show a huge deviation from the normal pulse range of 50-80 bpm for adults, which indicate the rate at which the heart beats for pumping blood in the arteries. Pulse rate of 128 bpm area clear indication of deterioration in the health status, following laparoscopic right adrenalectomy (Elliott Coventry, 2012). Susan also demonstrates a decrease in body temperature, below the normal range 36.5 C. Evidences suggest that elevated heart rate are found to be associated with an increase in blood pressure or hypertension. Normal urine output is around 800-2000 milliliters/day with an intake of 2 liters/day. Low urine output can be attributed to the surgical procedure of adrenalectomy that was performed in the patient. High abdominal pressure due to pneumoperitoneum contributes to a reduction in urine production. Overweight is also considered as a major risk factor that contributes to an increase in blood pressure (Nguyen Lau, 2012). Furthermore, regular alcohol consumption results in a temporary increase in blood pressure, and heart rate and results in weakening of the heart muscles. This contributes to irregularities in the heart beat. Moreover , associations have also been established for obesity and respiratory complications that result in an increased demand for ventilation (Sarkhosh, Birch, Sharma Karmali, 2013). This elevates the breathing rate due to inefficiency of the respiratory muscles. Alcohol consumption can have also been linked to diminished respiratory compliance. Moreover, the post-operative deteriorating vital signs can be directly correlated with Cushings syndrome. Hypertension occurs due to the fact that renal conversion of cortisol hormone to cortisone gets reduced in the disorder. This directly elevates mineralocorticoids., which in turn result in increased reabsorption of tubular sodium, and hypokalemia. Cortisols also inhibit the vasodilators, thereby increasing blood pressure (Prodam et al., 2013). The glucocorticoids exert their direct effect on the heart that results in tachycardia (over 100bpm). Furthermore, hypertension leads to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system that leads to heart rate variability. Hypothermia refers to core bosy temperatures that are below 35C. It results in a drastic drop in the metabolic rate of the body. At such low temperatures, the bosy will fail to produce the necessary heat and the core body temperature will quickly drop. This will make the patient shiver, followed by contraction of the blood vessels and release of hormones to facilitate heat generation. A direct impact of the condition will be observed on the other vital signs such as, blood pressure, respiratory rate and heart rate, all of which will increase. Further drop in temperature will lead to reduction in oxygen consumption, and irregular heart rhythm. Major effects will be manifested in the form of reduced cardiac output, slow brain activity, dilated pupils, and a state of coma (Pasquier et al., 2014). Post-operative safe care involves administration of a regular diet after problems of nausea get resolved. All wounds should be closed using skin glue and the patient might be allowed to shower the following morning. Performing exercise should be prevented until 10 days following the operation. Deep breathing exercise and administration of Tylenol are required to relieve pain and aches (Dimopoulou et al., 2014). Persistent swelling or calf pain would indicate presence of blood clot and the patient should be immediately assessed. The patient needs to be started on steroid therapy such as, prednisone to restore normal functioning of the adrenal gland (Hartmann et al., 2016). NSAIDs such as, naproxen and ibuprofen should also be prescribed for immediate pain relief. Narcotics might result in constipation. Thus, there is a need to intake extra fluids, fiber, along with usage of stool softeners. Several healthcare professionals will play a major role in enhancing the health outcome and subsequent patient satisfaction in this context. A nutritionist would play an essential role in evaluating the diet consumed by the patient on a regular basis. This healthcare professional will be responsible for formulating a diet plan that includes around 8 ounces or 2 liters of daily fluid intake. The nutritionist will also help in making the patient consume a diet that is rich in fibers, such as, whole grain, cereals and fruits (Dietiticians association of Australia, 2014). The endocrinologist will also assist in the patients long term recovery by monitoring and balancing long-term hormonal imbalances in the body. He/she will be involved in administering selective steroids following the surgery to restore the levels of coritsol in the body, Another healthcare professional imperative to improvement of patient health is a physical therapist who will assist the patient in pain reduction and mobility restoration (Australian physiotherapy association, 2016). This professional will help the patient during walking or climbing steps. Thus, complete assistance from the aforementioned healthcare professionals are needed to improve Susans health condition. To conclude, it can be stated that Cushing syndrome is a major health abnormality that occurs due to prolonged exposure of the human body to cortisol hormones, and results in fat accumulation in the face, shoulders and marks on the skin. This occurs due to improper functioning or tumor of the adrenal glands. Thus, surgical removal of the adrenal glands are essential to restore normal body functioning. References Australian physiotherapy association. (2016). Scope of Practice. Retrieved from https://www.physiotherapy.asn.au/DocumentsFolder/APAWCM/Advocacy/Scope%20of%20Practice_with%20on%20brand%20diagrams.pdf de Bruin, C., Hofland, L. J., Nieman, L. K., Van Koetsveld, P. M., Waaijers, A. M., Sprij-Mooij, D. M., ... Feelders, R. A. (2012). Mifepristone effects on tumor somatostatin receptor expression in two patients with Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 97(2), 455-462. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-1264 Dekkers, O. M., Horvth-Puh, E., Jrgensen, J. O. L., Cannegieter, S. C., Ehrenstein, V., Vandenbroucke, J. P., ... Srensen, H. T. (2013). Multisystem morbidity and mortality in Cushing's syndrome: a cohort study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 98(6), 2277-2284. Dietiticians association of Australia. (2014). Nutrition Support Role Statement: Role Statement for Accredited Practising Dietitians practising in the area of Nutrition Support. Retrieved from https://daa.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Nutrition-Support-Role-Statement-1.pdf Dimopoulou, C., Schopohl, J., Rachinger, W., Buchfelder, M., Honegger, J., Reincke, M., Stalla, G. K. (2014). Long-term remission and recurrence rates after first and second transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: care reality in the Munich Metropolitan Region. European journal of endocrinology, 170(2), 283-292. doi: 10.1530/EJE-13-0634 Elliott, M., Coventry, A. (2012). Critical care: the eight vital signs of patient monitoring. British Journal of Nursing, 21(10), 621-625. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2012.21.10.621 Guaraldi, F., Salvatori, R. (2012). Cushing syndrome: maybe not so uncommon of an endocrine disease. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 25(2), 199-208. Hartmann, K., Koenen, M., Schauer, S., Wittig-Blaich, S., Ahmad, M., Baschant, U., Tuckermann, J. P. (2016). Molecular actions of glucocorticoids in cartilage and bone during health, disease, and steroid therapy. Physiological reviews, 96(2), 409-447. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00011.2015 Lacroix, A., Feelders, R. A., Stratakis, C. A., Nieman, L. K. (2015). Cushing's syndrome. The lancet, 386(9996), 913-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1 Lodish, M., Dunn, S. V., Sinaii, N., Keil, M. F., Stratakis, C. A. (2012). Recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children and adolescents after surgical cure of Cushing's disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 97(5), 1483-1491. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2325 Manenschijn, L., Koper, J. W., Van Den Akker, E. L. T., De Heide, L. J. M., Geerdink, E. A. M., De Jong, F. H., ... Van Rossum, E. F. C. (2012). A novel tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of (cyclic) Cushing's syndrome: measurement of long-term cortisol in scalp hair. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 97(10), E1836-E1843. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1852 Nguyen, T., Lau, D. C. (2012). The obesity epidemic and its impact on hypertension. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 28(3), 326-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2012.01.001 Nieman, L. K. (2015). Cushing's syndrome: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening. European journal of endocrinology, 173(4), M33-M38. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0464 Pasquier, M., Zurron, N., Weith, B., Turini, P., Dami, F., Carron, P. N., Paal, P. (2014). Deep accidental hypothermia with core temperature below 24 C presenting with vital signs. High altitude medicine biology, 15(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1089/ham.2013.1085 Prodam, F., Ricotti, R., Agarla, V., Parlamento, S., Genoni, G., Balossini, C., ... Bellone, S. (2013). High-end normal adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels are associated with specific cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC medicine, 11(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-44 Sarkhosh, K., Birch, D. W., Sharma, A., Karmali, S. (2013). Complications associated with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: a surgeons guide. Canadian journal of surgery, 56(5), 347. doi: 10.1503/cjs.033511 Stratakis, C. A. (2012). Cushing syndrome in pediatrics. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, 41(4), 793-803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2012.08.002