An Exploration Of Sallusts And Plutarchs View Of The Moral Decline Of

An Exploration of Sallust's and Plutarch's View of the Moral Decline of the Roman Republic Jamie Neufeld ST# 864583 For: L. Foley Class. 111.3 (08) Though there are fluctuated dates with regards to the time that the Roman Republic stood, it is settled upon as enduring roughly 500 years. During the only remaining century of its reality (133 BC - 27 BC) there were the numerous fierce long periods of The Civil Wars and much social hardship. Despite the fact that the final product of these last long stretches of the res publica was the appropriation of an Emperor and the introduction of the Roman Empire, the focal point of this paper will be the introduction of the idea of strains toward the finish of the res publica utilizing determinations from Sallust and Plutarch as a premise. Sallust and Plutarch, while originating from various universes and living various lives were a lot of the same in the musings that they introduced in their composition on the fall of the Roman Republic. Sallust was a functioning individual in Roman governmental issues during the Republic's decrease. He was a tribune in 52 BC who was kicked out of the Senate in the midst of charges of unethical behavior. In 49 BC Sallust was in order of one of Julius Caesar's armies and was chosen for Praetor in 47 BC. Participating in the African Campaign earned him the governorship of Numidia in. Upon his arrival to Rome in the mid 40's BC anyway he was accused of coercion, just to be discharged by Caesar. Now in his life he chose to turn into an author of history and carried on with a calm life doing that. Plutarch's life was a lot of various structure Sallust's. Conceived in Chaeronea he stayed there for a lot of his life. His most recent 30 years he spent as a Priest at Delphi. There he was a sincere adherent to the antiquated devotions and a significant understudy of its ancient pieces. The main association in legislative issues at the time were stories that he was a man of impact and gossipy tidbits about an administrative office being presented to him by both Hadrian and Trajan. In spite of the distinctions in their lives and foundations, their enduring writing has an essential hidden closeness; that being ethical quality. To be increasingly explicit, the absence of ethical quality with respect to the leaders of Rome during the only remaining century of the Republic. In the accompanying exposition I will show instances of how Sallust and Plutarch call attention to over and over the absence of ethical quality in the characters about whom they write concerning the decrease of the Roman Republic. Sallust starts his Bellum Catalinae by disclosing to us how the Roman Republic was assembled. He gives us that the individuals set aside their disparities and kept their shared objective, harmony, as a main priority. As per the form I have heard, to start with the Trojans who were meandering estranged abroad without a fixed home under the initiative of Aeneas established and controlled the city of Rome as a free and autonomous Republic alongside the indigenous individuals, A crude clan of men without laws or composed government. It is noteworthy how effectively these two people groups joined after they had been assembled in one network in the light of their disparities in race and in language and the difference in the manner by which every one of them lived: in a brief timeframe a various and migrant mass of individuals was changed by amicability into a Republic. Later after the Republic had developed in populace, establishments and domain and appeared to be adequate in flourishing and quality at that point, as occurs in most human issues, envy became out of success.1 Clearly Sallust is setting up some complexity based on what was acceptable and right to what exactly will turn into the Republic's end. Toward the finish of the entry above Sallust brings up as occurs in most human issues, envy became out of accomplishment. This thought is introduced again later when Sallust composes: ... the standard of the Kings of which the first reason needed to ensure the freedom and to reinforce the Republic transformed into pride and oppression ...2 He is repeating the way that the plan of the Kings had changed after some time from one that was ethically acceptable

Segmentation and Target Market Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Division and Target Market - Term Paper Example The sun based market of the United States is extensively enormous and is developing at a huge rate. The significant expense of producing power alongside high client interest for vitality and money related promptings from central government has quickened the development of sunlight based market in the United States alongside California. In the year 2009, just about 107,000 new sun powered warming, refrigeration and sunlight based electric associations were actualized in the United States. Over the long haul, the development open door for this industry is estimated to be very brilliant. The market development of sunlight based items is an aftereffect of since quite a while ago run augmentation of Investment Tax Credit (ITC) approach by the national government (Sherwood, 2010). California is viewed as one of the most populated states in the United States. It is additionally a presumed state as for the utilization of close planetary system. In California, a noteworthy improvement for use of sun powered vitality can be seen in the ongoing occasions. It is normal that by 2030, sunlight based vitality will speak to practically 16% to 18% of absolute state vitality utilization. California has the most elevated sun oriented insolation levels in the whole United States. In present days, California represents practically 61% of whole United States’ sun oriented vitality plans. The state has around 27 associations which are engaged with sun based vitality related capacities, involving assembling of silicon cells, modules and sun based chips among others. Accordingly, these sun oriented advertising patterns speak to good conditions for promoting the sun powered results of XYZ Company (Barber, 2003). So as to build up any advertising arrangement, the monetary condition must be considered as it can decide the likelihood of achievement or disappointment of the item in the market. The Californian economy is driven by three significant segments which are innovation, fares and neighborliness. California was considered as the ninth greatest economy on the planet in 2010. Concerning size, the Californian economy is found out to be the second best in contrast with Brazil.

The Caste System- Reaction Response Essay Example

The Caste System-Reaction Response Paper This division in Indian culture has existed since days of yore . This Verna System is the Caste System that is as yet predominant n the nation . It orders the work to be finished by every This framework is common to a great extent among Hindus , yet exists among different strict networks in India also . Brahmins are viewed as the most noteworthy position . They are prevalently vegans , who are doled out job of ministers , instructors or researchers . They appreciate numerous advantages . Offspring of these families are relied upon to Join family calling . Ashtrays were rulers and warriors in days of yore , by and by they are In diverse callings . Visas , remained merchants from the earliest starting point of this Verna dolls , and are soul Into exchanging . The fourth are the Shudders , who make the serving class In Indian culture The Shudders are the fourth and most dismissed station in India . They are otherwise called Dalais (the down trodden ) and named Harridans (individuals having a place with god ) by Mahatma Gandhi . They have a troublesome existence , without training and are not permitted to change occupation . The work alloted to them is regularly unhygienic , debasing and unfortunate . They are not permitted to enter sanctuaries and love . Indeed, even essential courtesies like assortment of drinking water must be from wells or taps which are not utilized by individuals from higher stations like Brahmins There re divisions in Dalai society too . The Ana (Barber , Dhobi (Washer man ) stand higher than Chamber (Cobbler ) or Bang (Sweeper . They are not permitted passage to places in the town where individuals of higher positions live . We will compose a custom paper test on The Caste System-Reaction Response explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The Caste System-Reaction Response explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The Caste System-Reaction Response explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Therefore they live a hard and unforgiving life The Modern culture lives with these separations and utilize extraordinary terms for these individuals . They are called Scheduled Castes (SC , Scheduled clans (SST ) or Other Backward Classes (BBC . The SC is 16 of the populace making it 160 million . SST is 8 at million and BBC is 52 with 3000 ranks . The station framework has taken the current arm after the British assumed control over the standard of India , in accordance with the class arrangement of British society The rank framework is some what loose in urban and metropolitan regions Inter-position relationships are likewise basic . In orchestrated relationships , position of the lady of the hour and the husband to be are cross registered and taken with thought It is because of impact of advanced education that these zones are liberated from standing unbending nature . Be that as it may, country zones despite everything reel under its impact Political gatherings and pioneers regularly accept rank as an issue , to make it delicate to meet their closures . The BSP (Bauhaus Assam Party , Swampland Party , Kanata Deal are a couple of ideological groups that spoiled the station assessments and prevailing With regards to winning the decisions . Reservations in instruction and governmental issues have been made by these poisons prompting wide spread fights and commotion . Amanda Commission suggested by ex-P . M . Mr. . V - P - Sings attempted to Implement ten suggestions Ana Take small spread Protests It NAS seen many taught young men and young ladies endure because of these booking arrangements . India has seen is as yet confronting numerous standing related brutality . Such a significant number of have lost their lives in this brutality . It has for the most part been between upper stations like Thesaurus and Dalais of lower standing Indian Caste System has been under the scanner of analysis since history . The reformers of Indian culture in the past have denounced the standing framework . Nanas , Kabuki , Djakarta , Ramadan , Ramadan the holy people of Backbit clique dismissed standing segregation . Later during Struggle for Freedom in mid nineteenth century , Indian government officials opposed station differentiations . Strict pioneers Swami Dandy , Swami Vegetarians , Sir Ramekins and lawmakers Mahatma Gandhi , B . R . Set out remained against this separating framework . They were available to individuals from all positions B . R . Set out himself from a group of planned station turned into the author of Indian Constitution in Independent India The Indian Caste framework shows a couple of solid focuses . It helped in holding privately-run company , work of art and craftsmans who have been scrutinizing a workmanship for ages . It made the endurance of specific types of craftsmanship conceivable . However the oddities and burdens out of sight the focal points . The requirement for station framework is bit by bit moving out . The youthful India , which is anxious to get instruction and use innovation for its thriving , wouldn't like to grasp satiate contrasts . The informed class living in urban India emphatically advocates getting rid of station obstructions . In any case, under taught and unskilled rustic masses despite everything clutch the conviction of division as a strategy , which is gainful to their inclinations . Maybe training for the majority is the thing that India needs today to shake off such old frameworks . It is never fitting that a piece of the general public be permitted to carry on with a real existence that is terribly not the same as the lives of others on this globe Read more: http://www. Nightdresses. Com/article/rank. Framework. Paper. 51655#txzz2PSk4zd8S

The Best Companies for Internships

The Best Companies for Internships by: Jeff Schmitt on December 12, 2014 | 1 Comment Comments 7,140 Views December 12, 2014â€Å"How do I get a job if I don’t have experience?†Every year, college students ask that same question. These days, the question takes on greater urgency. According to a 2014 Accenture study, just 42 percent of 2012 and 2013 college grads found work within six months of graduation. Another 41 percent earned $25,000 or less. Most damning of all, only 48 percent received training from their first employer.So how can students get training and experience? One option is an internship. For employers, every hire carries big risks – particularly with job-hopping new graduates. Here, it can cost employers up to 50 percent of their salary to find a replacement. And that doesn’t factor in variables like opportunity costs or benefits. As a result, employers are seeking new hires with track records, not just potential and people skills. With internships, students can prove themselves and gain experience. A successful internship also helps students build their networks, bestowing an informal certification that they possess the skills and maturity to mitigate their inherent risk.Alas, not all internships are created equal. At some companies, college interns work on key projects, gaining hands-on experience alongside seasoned mentors. However, others are relegated to repetitive tasks and busy work. These students may be exposed to a respected brand, but they’re not being prepared to hit the ground running.VAULT’S NEW RANKING IDENTIFIES THE BEST INTERNSHIP PROGRAMSIn other words, just landing an internship isn’t enough. Students should also focus on finding the ‘right’ internship: a structured program where they’ll receive resources and real work. To help students identify the best learning opportunities, Vault has produced a â€Å"Top Internship Rankings† for the past three years.Today, 40 percent of all entry-level full-time hires in the U.S. are sourced through internship programs, writes Derek Loosvelt, a senior editor at Vault. This means that, for those looking to work for the most desired and admired employers in the country, internships are no longer a luxury but a necessity.Vault, which collects  data from employers and professionals, released its internship rankings in November. Based on a 2015 survey, these rankings include responses from over 5800 interns at 100 different internship programs. Here, students ranked five areas on a scale of 1-to-10, with 10 being the highest score. The ratings covered quality of life (office culture, work hours, flexibility); compensation and benefits (pay structure and perks); interview process (application and interview process); career development (quality of training, mentoring, assignments, and networking opportunities); and full-time employment prospects.   Vault elected not to publish specific compa ny scores in each of these five areas.These survey scores were then averaged to produce an overall score for each internship program. Vault also ranked programs in seven industries, including consulting, investment banking, consumer goods, and media. While most respondents were undergraduates, eight or nine percent of the pool included MBA students.BATES WHITE TOPS THE LISTLooking to get into consulting? While an internship from McKinsey or Deloitte may draw attention, your best bet for meaningful assignments and a supportive culture may come at Washington DC’s Bates White, a 15 year-old firm that provides economic consulting to law firms, Fortune 500 companies, and government agencies. So what sets Bates White apart?For starters, the firm provides valuable experience to interns. â€Å"I loved being able to work on challenging, complicated, real world issues, while developing valuable quantitative skills that are transferable to nearly any career path,† one former inte rn tells Vault. Another reinforces this point. â€Å"You will learn (or improve upon) a number of valuable and marketable skills. You will make a meaningful contribution to the firms work.†Bates White’s culture is another big draw for interns. â€Å"Everyone here is very welcoming and willing to answer questions and help,† gushes one intern. â€Å"There are also a lot of fun events for interns to get to know each other. Another cited easy access to the firm’s leaders. â€Å"Everyone at the firm, from consultants and managers to partners, was friendly and willing to provide mentorship. I even had the opportunity to discuss career paths over coffee with the COO.In an era where interns are sometimes viewed as free labor, a former intern shares that Bates White’s pay is â€Å"great† too. With interns giving Bates White a collective 9.70 score, you won’t find many complaints. â€Å"I honestly think you would be hard-pressed to find a be tter internship program, no matter your field of study,† one intern summed up. Page 1 of 512345 » The Best Companies For Internships The Best Companies For Internships by: Jeff Schmitt on February 26, 2015 | 0 Comments Comments 6,411 Views February 26, 2015â€Å"You need experience.†You’ve heard that refrain from advisors, parents, and peers for years. Like generations before you, you answer with the same question: â€Å"Where can I get that experience?† Sure, you deserve credit for your high GPA. In a perfect world, your extracurriculars would validate your ability to manage time and â€Å"get the job done.† You’re young and hungry – and you have big ideas and a high ceiling. And you clean up well too. Isn’t that enough?Afraid not. Employers want to see you in action. Hiring someone is a big investment. Two years ago, CNN calculated that an employee making $50,000 actually costs a company $66,000, when you factor in social security and Medicare tax, unemployment insurance, and health care and 401K benefits. And that doesn’t include the cost to replace a n employee who doesn’t work out. Inc. reports that it can run as high as 150 percent of an employee’s salary. Bottom line: Employers want to be certain that you can apply your skills and work well with others.That’s where an internship comes in. You can spend your summer – or time outside of class – working in a professional environment. You can practice your craft, notch some accomplishments, and build a network of people who can vouch for you. Of course, landing an internship is easier said than done. Not to mention, not all internships are created equal. Some involve working on significant projects, but others are simply glorified clerical jobs.FACEBOOK TOPS THE LISTTo help students identify the best places to intern, Glassdoor recently published its â€Å"25 Highest Rated Companies for Internships in 2015.† Derived from reviews from actual interns, Glassdoor based its rankings on the highest average company score (on a five point scale). In addition, Glassdoor mined a composite score to cover the difficulty of each firm’s interview (again using a five point scale).And the big winner was Facebook, with a 4.6 average (tied with Chevron and Google). What makes an internship at Facebook time well spent? Here are some recent thoughts from the interns themselves:â€Å"The environment is really fast-paced, with a lot of freedom. As Facebook grows, theres more and more of a spectrum of different types of work environments and managerial relationshipsall the way from entirely hands off, to much more hand holding if you need it.†Former Intern Front End Engineer in Menlo Park, CAâ€Å"You are working on a very interesting problems, which actually affect more than a billion people. You also learn a lot from people around you.†Facebook Intern (New York, NY)â€Å"I was interning at the HQ. Its a very cool place with many perks including a music room, arcade room, gym, outdoor courts, many restaurants and v irtually any game you can think of spread across the campus. The salary is good and the housing is great. A great place to work with its policy to be open about everything going in the company to all employees even interns. Also the intern program is really good they have awesome people over there organising things for interns and helping us with intern stuff in general.†Software Engineer in Menlo Park, CAHere, you have the trifecta: interesting work, freedom, and good people. While entry interviews are slightly more difficult than Glassdoor’s average (3.1 vs. 2.8), Facebook provides great training for handling more complex tasks and a sometimes-stressful environment.FROM FOOD TO MENTORSHIP, GOOGLE LAUDED BY INTERNSChevron also earned high marks, with one Houston intern succinctly listing its benefits as, â€Å"Fast paced, high energy, independence, strong culture.† Culture, in particular, had strong allure to one recent engineering intern, who touted the firmà ¢â‚¬â„¢s intangibles. â€Å"The culture is just as it is advertized. Chevron takes care of its people, and makes sure everyone is a good fit to its culture. Is all about Team Work, Ownership and most importantly Safety.†Past and present interns were especially complimentary of Google, with one intern summing up the firm’s charm as, â€Å"Great office culture, perks, company values, global footprint.†Among recent interns, Google’s freebies grabbed their attention. â€Å"The food! So many perks, too,† one intern gushed. â€Å"Theyll treat you like a princess, Im telling you. Its amazing.† Another cited Google’s legendary â€Å"bowling alley, juice bar, indoor rock [and] climbing wall.† Page 1 of 41234 »

The Problem Of Global Warming - 1311 Words

Introduction: The only place in our galaxy that we know is inhabitable is now being destroyed by man. As humanity has revolutionized we have created many problems along the way. The main problem we are facing right now is called global warming. We have damaged many ecosystems trying to better ourselves, and we have not yet once thought about the damage we are inflicting on our mother earth. We are already beginning to see the effects of global warming. It will make little changes that will have a huge impact, and devastate many ecosystems and everything living on earth. Thesis: If we do not change our ways now, imagine what the future will have in store for the next generations to come. We will all have to pay the price for the acts†¦show more content†¦In the website called Global Climate Change it stated that â€Å"On earth, human activities are changing the natural greenhouse. Over the last century the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil had increased the concentra tion of the atmospheric carbon dioxide† (Nasa). We don’t have to be scientist to know that global warming is happening. If we look around we can see all the damages that we are creating; but it seems like we are just covering our eyes and hoping it will go away. Point 3: Now that we are all aware global warming is happening. The effects that it is having on earth are now very noticeable. The temperatures have risen through the years, and many wonder why. In the Article Global Climate change it states that â€Å"The industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have raised atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 280 parts per million to 379 parts per million in the last 150 years† (Jackson). My teacher from high school Mrs. Wagner explain to us that all the carbon, and other natural gases we release into the atmosphere will not escape into space. Therefore it will create a thick blanket covering the atmosphere and heating up the planet. That is wh y the temperature has been going up throughout the years. Rising temperatures are not the only thing happening right now. We are also seeing droughts in many areas where there use to be a lot of fresh water that would flow by. In other places we are seeing flooding

Greek Justice Plato And Aristotle - 1085 Words

Philosophers and Justice as the Greek World Expands in 400-150 BCE Justice could be the defined as the quality of being fair and reasonable, during the period of 400-150 BCE when the Greek civilization was being formed. Plato and Aristotle are philosphers, who are leading figures of ancient Greek civilization and both discussed justice and established theories about the views of being just. Plato was a student of Socrates, and Aristotle was a student of Plato. Aristotle and Plato had different philosophies about many subjects such as justice and injustice, the function of humans, truth, the human soul, art, and politics. Starting with Plato (427 BC-347 BC) one of the most important philosophers of the world and the founder of â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦To compare the political theories of two great philosophers of politics is to first examine each theory in depth. Plato is regarded by many experts as the first writer of political philosophy, and Aristotle is recognized as the first political scientist. These two men were great thinker s. They each had ideas of how to improve existing societies during their individual lifetimes. It is necessary to look at several areas of each theory to seek the difference and similarities in each. Both philosophers had common points and some differences, starting with Plato, where in the beginning of his conversation with Thrasymachus (Plato, The Republic ,Page 19), the latter defines justice as â€Å"what is the interest of the stronger party†. Socrates goes on to refute this definition by saying that the stronger party can be at fault sometimes, and a ruler can make mistakes. One of the questions that Plato pursued in his work was the one proposed by Thrasymachus who suggests that the pursuit of self-interest or injustice pays better than that the pursuit of justice. Socrates states that the injustice would create disagreement and weakness instead of strength. He says that injustice causes problems and weakens the group â€Å"†¦ whether it occurs in a state or fami ly or army or in anything else: it renders it incapable of any common action because of factions and quarrels, and sets it at variance with itself and with its opponents and with whatever is just† (Plato, The Republic, pageShow MoreRelatedEssay about How Greek Philosophers Affect our Learning Today1403 Words   |  6 PagesWorks Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 A. Plan of Investigation: The topic, Greek Philosophers, could be a very broad topic to write a research paper on. However, the plan of action, which will occur to create this report, will ensure that the end product will be different from the rest. The topic is not just about Greek Philosophers, but rather how it affects our learning today. There were many Greek Philosophers who produced great ideas and all of them contributed to our modern knowledgeRead MoreCritical Analysis of Plato and Aristotle1634 Words   |  7 PagesPOL 311 (HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT) TOPIC A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLES POLITICAL THOUGHT WRITTEN BY OKWOR, STEPHEN USHIE 09/ED/EF/814 DEPT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS (POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIT) FACULTY OF EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO DR. EJERE DEPT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO AKWA IBOM STATE MAY, 2012 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLATO AND ARISTOTLES POLITICAL THOUGHT In order to compare these great philosophers, it isRead MoreHistorical Events That Took Place During The Classical Period1458 Words   |  6 PagesWorld Literature I Historically Significant Influences of Aristotle During the Classical Period, 500-232 BCE, Greece was at the peak of its political and cultural achievement. This was also a time of war, most noteworthy being the vast empire created by Alexander the Great. In a period containing such an immense amount of historical significance there is no doubting that it had influenced the people born. 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His Life To many people, Plato was known as the first writer of philosophy. Plato was born in Athens in 429 BC (Plato-Biography, egs.edu). His birth name was Aristocles and gained the nickname Platon later on. He had two brothers named Adeimantus and Glaucon (Plato-Biography, egs.edu). When Plato met SocratesRead MorePlato and Aristotle: An Analysis1175 Words   |  5 Pagesof Plato and Aristotle regarding the best political association. Quotes from Politics and the Republic are used to support the author’s thesis. Plato and Aristotle: An Analysis Determining the best form of political association was important to the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle, and each of them expressed his opinion in important works such as the Republic and Politics. In explaining, comparing, and contrasting the political philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, itRead MorePlato s The Republic And Aristotle933 Words   |  4 PagesThe Politics are two classic texts in ancient Greek political thought. 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Symptoms and Biochemical Screening †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Symptoms and Biochemical Screening. Answer: Introduction: Cushings syndrome encompasses a collection of symptoms and signs that occur due to prolonged cortisol exposure. In other words, Cushings syndrome or hypercortisolism occurs due to abnormality in the levels of cholesterol. Corticosteroid medications are considered as a primary reason for this physiological abnormality (Lacroix, Feelders, Stratakis Nieman, 2015). Most common symptoms of this condition include hypertension, abdominal obesity, round red face, lump between shoulders, muscle weakness and weak bones. This essay will contain a discussion on a case study of a patient Susan Summers and will describe the etiology, pathophysiology, cause and symptoms of this health abnormality management. Pathophysiology refers to the disorder or disrupted physical processes that are associated with development of an illness or disease. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus, located in the brain are responsible for the disease. The hypothalamus comprises for paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which releases CRH, the corticotropin-releasing hormone. This hormone is responsible fro stimulating the pituitary gland, which in turn gets triggered to release the polypeptide tropic hormone, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (Manenschijn et al., 2012). This hormone is found to get released in the bloodstream and travel along it, followed by reaching the adrenal glands, located on the top of kidneys. Upon reaching the adrenal gland, ACTH facilitates secretion of cortisol. Evidences suggest that cortisol belongs to the class of glucocorticoids and are released by the zona fasciculata layer of the adrenal cortex, in response to ACTH secretion (Lodish, Dunn, Sinaii, Keil Stratakis, 2012). An increase in the levels of cortisol is found to create a negative feedback loop on corticotropin hormone, which results in a subsequent reduction in the ACTH amount released from the anterior pituitary (Dekkers et al., 2013). Cortisol is responsible for regulating blood pressure and maintain normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Thus, cortisol-releasing adenoma present in the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands can be considered as the primary aetiology of Cushings syndrome. This results I an elevation in the levels of cortisol. A dexamethasone suppression test, followed by MRI of the pituitary gland and CT scan of the adrenal glands confirms the disease. The potential causes or aetiology of Cushings syndrome include prescribed administration of glucocorticoids for the treatment of other health abnormalities. Corticosteroid treatment is used for a plethora of diseases such as, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, or immunosuppression after an organ transplantation to prevent the immune cells from rejecting the transplant. Administration of medroxyprogesterone is also considered as a major factor that contributes to development of Cushings syndrome (Stratakis, 2012). It results in glucocorticoids are found to downregulate the release of ACTH hormone. Furthermore, a deviation from the normal functioning of the body in cortisol secretion also result in a condition, commonly referred to as endogenous Cushings syndrome. ACTH secretion is also found to occur from tumors located outside the pituitary-adrenal system, which in turn creates an impact on the adrenal glands (Guaraldi Salvatori, 2012). This aetiology is commonly referred to as paraneopl astic Cushings syndrome, due to its association with cancer cells in the body (de Bruin et al., 2012). Excess cortisol secretion can also occur due to high levels of stress, malnutrition, alcoholism or depression. Thus, the fact that Susan consumes wine on a regular basis significantly contributes to her current medical state management. Most common signs and symptoms associated with Cushings syndrome include rapid gain of weight, in the face and trunk, sparing certain parts of the limbs. Accumulation of fat along the collarbones, back of neck and face are commonly observed. Other major symptoms encompass capillary dilation, excess perspiration, skin thinning that results in dryness and bruises along the hands, red or purple striae, muscle weakness or hypoglycemia (Nieman, 2015). Women suffering from the condition are also found to suffer from irregular menstrual period and thicker facial or body hair. In addition, other symptoms such as, cognitive impairment, headache, impaired growth among children, emotional disturbances, and hypertension may also be observed. Thorough assessment and monitoring of post-operative patients are considered imperative for identifying all kinds of deterioration in the prevailing health condition. Such physical assessments involve measurement of a patients vital signs that encompass evaluation of the major life-sustaining functions of the physiological system. Measurements of vital signs help in assessing the general physical condition of the individual and also provides cues to detect probable health deteriorations or recuperation from a disease. Susans post-operative respiratory rate (RR) was found to be 30 breaths per minute. It commonly refers to the number of breaths taken by a person per minute. In other words, it indicates the number of movements that depict inspiration and expiration per unit time. Normal levels of RR range from 16-20, at rest (Elliott Coventry, 2012). This suggests that the patient Susan is suffering from tachypnea, where her RR has increased beyond 20 bpm. Blood pressure is another vital sign, the normal range of which is around 120/80 mmHg (Elliott Coventry, 2012). The patient demonstrates a higher blood pressure (160/90 mm Hg), that indicates presence of hypertensive symptoms. Her post-operative vital signs also show a huge deviation from the normal pulse range of 50-80 bpm for adults, which indicate the rate at which the heart beats for pumping blood in the arteries. Pulse rate of 128 bpm area clear indication of deterioration in the health status, following laparoscopic right adrenalectomy (Elliott Coventry, 2012). Susan also demonstrates a decrease in body temperature, below the normal range 36.5 C. Evidences suggest that elevated heart rate are found to be associated with an increase in blood pressure or hypertension. Normal urine output is around 800-2000 milliliters/day with an intake of 2 liters/day. Low urine output can be attributed to the surgical procedure of adrenalectomy that was performed in the patient. High abdominal pressure due to pneumoperitoneum contributes to a reduction in urine production. Overweight is also considered as a major risk factor that contributes to an increase in blood pressure (Nguyen Lau, 2012). Furthermore, regular alcohol consumption results in a temporary increase in blood pressure, and heart rate and results in weakening of the heart muscles. This contributes to irregularities in the heart beat. Moreover , associations have also been established for obesity and respiratory complications that result in an increased demand for ventilation (Sarkhosh, Birch, Sharma Karmali, 2013). This elevates the breathing rate due to inefficiency of the respiratory muscles. Alcohol consumption can have also been linked to diminished respiratory compliance. Moreover, the post-operative deteriorating vital signs can be directly correlated with Cushings syndrome. Hypertension occurs due to the fact that renal conversion of cortisol hormone to cortisone gets reduced in the disorder. This directly elevates mineralocorticoids., which in turn result in increased reabsorption of tubular sodium, and hypokalemia. Cortisols also inhibit the vasodilators, thereby increasing blood pressure (Prodam et al., 2013). The glucocorticoids exert their direct effect on the heart that results in tachycardia (over 100bpm). Furthermore, hypertension leads to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system that leads to heart rate variability. Hypothermia refers to core bosy temperatures that are below 35C. It results in a drastic drop in the metabolic rate of the body. At such low temperatures, the bosy will fail to produce the necessary heat and the core body temperature will quickly drop. This will make the patient shiver, followed by contraction of the blood vessels and release of hormones to facilitate heat generation. A direct impact of the condition will be observed on the other vital signs such as, blood pressure, respiratory rate and heart rate, all of which will increase. Further drop in temperature will lead to reduction in oxygen consumption, and irregular heart rhythm. Major effects will be manifested in the form of reduced cardiac output, slow brain activity, dilated pupils, and a state of coma (Pasquier et al., 2014). Post-operative safe care involves administration of a regular diet after problems of nausea get resolved. All wounds should be closed using skin glue and the patient might be allowed to shower the following morning. Performing exercise should be prevented until 10 days following the operation. Deep breathing exercise and administration of Tylenol are required to relieve pain and aches (Dimopoulou et al., 2014). Persistent swelling or calf pain would indicate presence of blood clot and the patient should be immediately assessed. The patient needs to be started on steroid therapy such as, prednisone to restore normal functioning of the adrenal gland (Hartmann et al., 2016). NSAIDs such as, naproxen and ibuprofen should also be prescribed for immediate pain relief. Narcotics might result in constipation. Thus, there is a need to intake extra fluids, fiber, along with usage of stool softeners. Several healthcare professionals will play a major role in enhancing the health outcome and subsequent patient satisfaction in this context. A nutritionist would play an essential role in evaluating the diet consumed by the patient on a regular basis. This healthcare professional will be responsible for formulating a diet plan that includes around 8 ounces or 2 liters of daily fluid intake. The nutritionist will also help in making the patient consume a diet that is rich in fibers, such as, whole grain, cereals and fruits (Dietiticians association of Australia, 2014). The endocrinologist will also assist in the patients long term recovery by monitoring and balancing long-term hormonal imbalances in the body. He/she will be involved in administering selective steroids following the surgery to restore the levels of coritsol in the body, Another healthcare professional imperative to improvement of patient health is a physical therapist who will assist the patient in pain reduction and mobility restoration (Australian physiotherapy association, 2016). This professional will help the patient during walking or climbing steps. Thus, complete assistance from the aforementioned healthcare professionals are needed to improve Susans health condition. To conclude, it can be stated that Cushing syndrome is a major health abnormality that occurs due to prolonged exposure of the human body to cortisol hormones, and results in fat accumulation in the face, shoulders and marks on the skin. This occurs due to improper functioning or tumor of the adrenal glands. Thus, surgical removal of the adrenal glands are essential to restore normal body functioning. References Australian physiotherapy association. (2016). Scope of Practice. Retrieved from https://www.physiotherapy.asn.au/DocumentsFolder/APAWCM/Advocacy/Scope%20of%20Practice_with%20on%20brand%20diagrams.pdf de Bruin, C., Hofland, L. J., Nieman, L. K., Van Koetsveld, P. M., Waaijers, A. M., Sprij-Mooij, D. M., ... Feelders, R. A. (2012). Mifepristone effects on tumor somatostatin receptor expression in two patients with Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 97(2), 455-462. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-1264 Dekkers, O. M., Horvth-Puh, E., Jrgensen, J. O. L., Cannegieter, S. C., Ehrenstein, V., Vandenbroucke, J. P., ... Srensen, H. T. (2013). Multisystem morbidity and mortality in Cushing's syndrome: a cohort study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 98(6), 2277-2284. Dietiticians association of Australia. (2014). Nutrition Support Role Statement: Role Statement for Accredited Practising Dietitians practising in the area of Nutrition Support. Retrieved from https://daa.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Nutrition-Support-Role-Statement-1.pdf Dimopoulou, C., Schopohl, J., Rachinger, W., Buchfelder, M., Honegger, J., Reincke, M., Stalla, G. K. (2014). Long-term remission and recurrence rates after first and second transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: care reality in the Munich Metropolitan Region. European journal of endocrinology, 170(2), 283-292. doi: 10.1530/EJE-13-0634 Elliott, M., Coventry, A. (2012). Critical care: the eight vital signs of patient monitoring. British Journal of Nursing, 21(10), 621-625. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2012.21.10.621 Guaraldi, F., Salvatori, R. (2012). Cushing syndrome: maybe not so uncommon of an endocrine disease. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 25(2), 199-208. Hartmann, K., Koenen, M., Schauer, S., Wittig-Blaich, S., Ahmad, M., Baschant, U., Tuckermann, J. P. (2016). Molecular actions of glucocorticoids in cartilage and bone during health, disease, and steroid therapy. Physiological reviews, 96(2), 409-447. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00011.2015 Lacroix, A., Feelders, R. A., Stratakis, C. A., Nieman, L. K. (2015). Cushing's syndrome. The lancet, 386(9996), 913-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1 Lodish, M., Dunn, S. V., Sinaii, N., Keil, M. F., Stratakis, C. A. (2012). Recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children and adolescents after surgical cure of Cushing's disease. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 97(5), 1483-1491. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2325 Manenschijn, L., Koper, J. W., Van Den Akker, E. L. T., De Heide, L. J. M., Geerdink, E. A. M., De Jong, F. H., ... Van Rossum, E. F. C. (2012). A novel tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of (cyclic) Cushing's syndrome: measurement of long-term cortisol in scalp hair. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, 97(10), E1836-E1843. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1852 Nguyen, T., Lau, D. C. (2012). The obesity epidemic and its impact on hypertension. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 28(3), 326-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2012.01.001 Nieman, L. K. (2015). Cushing's syndrome: update on signs, symptoms and biochemical screening. European journal of endocrinology, 173(4), M33-M38. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0464 Pasquier, M., Zurron, N., Weith, B., Turini, P., Dami, F., Carron, P. N., Paal, P. (2014). Deep accidental hypothermia with core temperature below 24 C presenting with vital signs. High altitude medicine biology, 15(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1089/ham.2013.1085 Prodam, F., Ricotti, R., Agarla, V., Parlamento, S., Genoni, G., Balossini, C., ... Bellone, S. (2013). High-end normal adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels are associated with specific cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC medicine, 11(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-44 Sarkhosh, K., Birch, D. W., Sharma, A., Karmali, S. (2013). Complications associated with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity: a surgeons guide. Canadian journal of surgery, 56(5), 347. doi: 10.1503/cjs.033511 Stratakis, C. A. (2012). Cushing syndrome in pediatrics. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, 41(4), 793-803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2012.08.002

The Hobbit Essays (593 words) - The Hobbit, New Zealand Films

The Hobbit The Hobbit As the book, The Hobbit, by J. R. R. Tolkien begins to conclude, Thorin Oakenshield sees the goodness in Bilbo Baggins and apprehends the most significant parts of life. Since the beginning, Thorin's principle objective is to become the King under the Mountain and to have all the gold and treasure. While Thorin is on his deathbed he tells Bilbo, "There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly West. Some courage and some wisdom, blended in measure. If more of us valued food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world." Unlike the dwarfs, Bilbo cherishes friendship and merriment over gold and wealth. He shows this by placing his life in danger numerous times by escaping ferocious goblins and killing giant spiders to save Thorin and the other dwarfs. Bilbo cares more about others than himself, and Thorin notices how fortunate they are to have such a wise individual as a friend. Because of the goodness in Bilbo, he declines the treasure. It is offered to him since a promise was made in the beginning for him to receive and equal portion of the riches. He refuses the treasure because he feels that the most precious possession he has is the friendship with the dwarfs and others that he encounters along the way. Also, Bilbo enjoys near death experiences and thrills that accompany the quest for the mountain. Although, from Bilbo's words, he makes it seem as if the only reason he does not take the treasure home is that his pony will only carry two chests. Bilbo also thinks he did enough harm and becomes weary. He just wants to be back in his hobbit-hole. What use would Bilbo have for the whole treasure? Bilbo was content without the riches which is why he declines the treasure. Thorin changes drastically by the end of the book. Now, Thorin's quest is now fulfilled since he returned the mountain to the dwarfs reign. For many years, a dragon, Smaug, took over the mountain until when Thorin and his company claim the mountain again. Another part of his quest was to have the Heart of the Mountain, the Arkenstone. He accomplished that when it was laid upon his breast by Bard, a friend, and Bard exclaimed, "There it lay till the Mountain falls!" His death was necessary for the theme of the book to teach that kindness is superior of treasure. Finally, Thorin realizes this valuable lesson, but it is too late. Thorin does not deserve respect or admiration because he did not realize that friendship and merriment is more meaningful than riches. Many creatures lost their life from the choices that Thorin made and the selfishness he had. According to Bilbo's perspective of Thorin, Bilbo stated, "He is quite ready to sit on a heap of gold and starve." If Thorin would have given everyone their evenhanded portion of the fortune, the battle possibly could have been stopped, and there would have been no hard feelings. Instead, he was too avaricious, and that is why Thorin is not respectable and does not deserve our admiration. Therefore, in The Hobbit, Thorin's perspective on life changes when he sees the goodness and kindheartedness in Bilbo. Bilbo would risk his life for any friend, but during the adventure all Thorin wants is the treasure. As Thorin is on his deathbed, he notices how selfish he has been and wishes he could have transformed it. Meanwhile, Bilbo sets the perfect example. He shows wisdom, courage, bravery, and above all, nobility. Bilbo teaches a valuable lesson. His goal is to survive and be happy, but most of the other characters only desire treasure. In turn, Bilbo becomes an admirable and a remarkable companion.

Free Market Definition Economics Essay

Free Market Definition Economics Essay Market Definition The level to which it is important to carry out analysis of market definition in retail sector will depend upon the competition being analysed. In particular, if the focus of a competition is a monopoly situation, the main reason for analysing the market structure at the retail level will be to observe whether the retailers are likely to enter upstream themselves or bargain away any monopoly rents. For this case comprehensive definition retailer market is unlikely to be needed. There are two ways of defining market. Supply side substantiality and demand side substantiality. The supply side substantiality looks at the expected behaviour of suppliers in response to price rise. For example, if suppliers of product A can easily move to a relevant market for B when Bs prices rises, then the suppliers are in relevant market for A, because the monopolist seller will not be able to sustain a rise in price, meaning that As price constrained by these suppliers. The other market definition is b ased on consumer response to price rise. For example, if consumers are willing to substitute product F for product G when product G price rises, then F is in relevant market for G, because the market dominant of product G would not be able to sustain a rise in price meaning that G price is sustained by product F. United Kingdom is dominated by large multiple supermarket chains Their size, visibility and influence have made them the focus of much attention. Below is a summary of the market structure; Sales of drinks and food account for 65% of the total. Non- food grocery and non-grocery sales are becoming increasingly every passing financial year. Non- groceries account for of sales that are made in superstores and supermarkets. The large part of the remainder is accounted for by convenience retailing, with 7% of that being accounted by the traditional retailers. Sales through UK grocery outlets generates a revenue of up to 120 billion pounds which represent half of all the sales valued at 240 billion Euros which includes 13% of total household expenditure. Profit margins of the main supermarkets ranged between 2-4 % in the year 2004/5. In UK Tesco is currently the leading grocery store with commanding and market share of 30% share of the non convenience UK grocery market. During the late 20th century, Tesco and Sainsbury enjoyed similar market shares of between 20-25%, nut since then Sainsbury have lost to Tesco. Most of the multiple growths have been organic, with the excepti on Morrisons after attaining acquisition back in 2003. In 1999, Wal-Mart acquired ASDA, the world largest retailer. In recent studies shows that Tesco has the largest market share in majority of Britains districts and in the rest is usually the second. Tesco largest market share are in Inverness holding 51% and in Milton Keynes with a share of 50%. Consequently in areas that Tesco dominates its second rival is up close showing stiff competition. Convenience retailing is consolidating The large supermarkets and stores have began to compete strongly in this market share. For example, (Sainsbury, Tesco)have merged with existing stores and chains. While doing so, they are increasing market share by opening new stores and providing better service within those newly opened branches. The merging have resulted from the need to develop economies of scale, opportunities to reduce costs and increase sales by applying best practise to these new supermarkets and finally the need to acquire best quality supermarkets. The supermarkets are well sited, well stoked and attractive which are ideally placed to meet consumer needs for on the move shopping and for top ups. The imbalance of bargaining power that exists between supermarkets and their suppliers fosters abusive practises. The abuses are financial in nature and they tend to create uncertainty for suppliers. The main abuses which the suppliers face are enlisted below. The supermarkets require the suppliers to be on the list of suppliers which add extra costs to the supplier and the risk of stocking new products are passed to the suppliers. The suppliers are faced with the threat of de-listing if they deny honouring the reduction of prices or making other payments and concessions. These types of threats create uncertainty, inhibit their ability to plan and weaken their bargaining power of their products. The supermarkets charge slotting fees which add extra costs to the supplier and consequently the risk of stocking is passed to the supplier. The supermarkets are practising unethical business practises by demanding extra discounts or payments from the suppliers, which the supermarkets argue that the extra charges are for packaging, remodelling and retailer initiated promotions, this has got impacts to the supplier for the unexpected expenditure. The supermarkets do not only stop there but they proceed by demanding retrospective payments or after sale rebates which result in deducting a particular percentage of the total sales of a particular supplier for that year, compensating for profit margins being less than expected. Failure of sales of the products the supermarkets return the unsold goods to the suppliers, these results to the forecasting errors passed back to the supplier. The supermarkets and chain stores make late payments to the suppliers which have already been delivered and sold, adversely affecting suppliers cash flow therefore leading to additional costs and uncertainty over how many the suppliers will be pa id. Retrospective discounts on agreed terms and prices, changes to quantity, unscheduled promotions or to outsell rivals puts the suppliers profits under pressure, or distorting consumers perceptions of product value and may result to demands for lower prices from other customers. Prices of goods in supermarkets are lower than the prices of the same goods in non supermarket outlets, and the completion authorities see consumers ability to obtain lower prices, at least in shorter as beneficial. If the consumer prices are lowered to unsustainable levels, then for shorter supplies will go down so that buying prices and later retail prices will have to increase. Lowering of prices on the long run may have negative impacts on the retail prices. If the suppliers prices are lowered by the supermarkets, will cause the suppliers to be less viable but in the short run the retail prices will drop, but when it is a long term practise there will be reduced supply resulting to buying prices to hike leading to retail prices to increase and having impacts on the quantity and range. These impacts the consumers in that they will have to adjust to their normal buying habits and shift their consumption quantity or spend more on the same product. This affects the choice they make a nd their perceptions of what might constitute detriment. On April 1999, Stephen Byers published the completion commission report on the supply of grocery from multiple stores. From my review of the competition commission I can say that taking all matters into consideration, the commissioner are satisfied that the industry will undergo broadly competitive and that no excessive profits are earned or overall excessive prices are not being charged. The general profitability of the supermarkets had been decreasing before the publishing of the competition commission whilst to its publication and enforcement the profitability has been increasing since then. Since its enactment, there have tremendous changes in the industry, the competition commission has resulted to entry of Wal-Matt which is a notable remark and a number of price cuts which have boosted the general saving of the consumers and have saved them a proximate of 1 billion Euros. From my own opinion I believe that for a perfect market share, competitive market is the best way of securi ng a good deal of customers. From recent observations, the grocery industry is broadly competitive and i recommend the competition commission to be enacted as a law of the land. Since the commission was passed, the relationship between supermarket chains and their suppliers have changed since they are guided by the code practise which puts the suppliers and the supermarket on clearer and more predictable terms. Since then the voluntary code has been abolished that was in adequate and did not bind by the law. The competition commission has also resolved a different problem which was persistent selling of the supermarkets of products below the costs or price flexing. The commission did so by proposing that the supermarkets need not to take actions on the price flexing because the options available would have negative impacts to the consumer buying habits and would be a disproportionate problem to the supermarkets. The following changes have occurred in that retailers should ensure that the standards of terms are documented in which they do business. The supermarkets are required to give prior notice to the suppliers if the terms of conditions need to change. The suppliers are paid on time (specified time) this has saved most suppliers any unwanted expense and cost and created an assurance that they are paid. The supermarkets and stores should give suppliers practical notice of any intentions to change the price that had been previously agreed upon and that the supermarkets have abolished the unethical practise of requesting retrospective discounts or over rider. The repackaging, designing costs are now a burden to the chain stores and should not be transferred to the suppliers. After the commission was passed supermarkets are required to notify the suppliers of any changes in volume order, changes in any of supply chain procedures, changes in the specification of the products and the chain sho uld compensate the suppliers for any loss acquired due to lack of notifications.

Andrews Discussion 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Andrews Discussion 3 - Assignment Example In the second statement, the point of diversion for defining what is right lies at culture; hence, a significant component of ethics. The reasons for rating the statement as ‘strongly agree’ lie on the fact that every individual has a cultural background that forms the basis for early education. Such education governs what such an individual considers as right. On the other hand, the text indicates that peers expose individuals to early childhood education in the society (Andrews, Pruitt, & Durham, 2003). As such, the reasons as to why culture influences what is considered as right do not change after obtaining additional insight. According to the doctrine of utilitarianism, it is required that individuals maximize good to the greatest population and minimize suffering. Intervention is morally justified if an individual performs acts that compromise good for the greatest population. As such, if acting on self-interest enhances suffering among the population, intervention is morally required. However, if there is no compromise to the doctrine, â€Å"no one has the right to intervene when they think someone else has done something morally wrong.† For example, the act of a member of the Senate embezzling public funds may warrant an intervention because it causes suffering for the greatest population (the public). In addition, if a person litters, he or she may be held for an intervention because littering causes pollution and has adverse environmental and health effects for the greatest population, in the long run. 2. Has your rating of this statement changed after reading chapter 2 of the ethics textbook? If your rating has not changed, are your reasons for the rating any different now from when you first responded to this statement? The rating stands at ‘strongly agree’ before and after reading the text. The text provides information about the principles that govern morals. As such, the doctrine of utilitarianism is

The Implication of Theories of Activity for Management of Operation Essay

The Implication of Theories of Activity for Management of Operation - Essay Example Traditionally synthetic morphinomemetics have severe toxic side effects which rarely can become fatal. Hypotension is a characteristic of these drugs in addition to liver cirrhosis(because of high levels of toxicity) and urinary retention.Pain-free was regarded as promising because it had some advantages over other brands of morphinomimetics, namely;liver problem was considerably managed, no sign of tetramoraide syndrome was found and it’s effectiveness in obliterating pain was instant and exceptional, though hypotension could not be dealt with(and this was not conveyed to the consumers aka patients). In1993, 17% of the patients showed signs of orthostatic hypotension.1 Evidence suggested that Normoramide was the cause. A team led by Roland Peterson had worked tirelessly at eradicating the fatal liver problem but during the course of improving the drug, it was established that hypotension could not be dealt with. Pain-free indisputably was a significant breakthrough especially considering the miraculous pain relief it provided, and appeared to be potential ‘commercial blockbuster’. However, orthostatic hypertension could not be obliterated (as it was conveyed to the prospect consumers) and to this extent, it can be alleged that the company misled the consumers. In addition, the ‘innovation’ in the drug becomes questionable. The management omitted some very pertinent facts about the drug, which if they were known would have affected consumption decision of the patients. The instances of non-disclosure can be enumerated as follows. a) In 93, out of the patients tested with the drug 17% exhibited hypotension.2 The management sought an alteration of guidelines and after it was affected, these cases were written off as ‘occurrences prior to alteration† thus were disregarded.  

Law & Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Law & Ethics - Essay Example Before any nurse, whether enrolled or registered can do anything to another person, there are some legal requirements that they need to understand. The first legal issue is consent. Consent refers to permission to do something. Before a nurse does anything to another person or a patient, it is a legal requirement that the other party or patient agrees and gives permission for such an act to be carried out (Larson, 2003). When the nurse does something against the will of the patient, it is considered to be coercion. More often, a dilemma arises when the patient refuses care that the nurse thinks is necessary. However, in such situations, the nursing guidelines indicate that it is still important to get consent from the patient. In other situations where the patient may be mentally incapacitated, the family or the guardians may give the consent on behalf of the patient. Restrain is the other legal requirement and is greatly related to consent (Engberg et al, 2008). Restraint is any action or device that is designed or intended to prevent free movement of body parts. Some patients require restraint in cases where it may be deemed necessary, such as when the patient gets violent. However, there is a relation between restrain and patient consent. Before the patient is restrained by the nurse using any device or technique, due consideration and consent of the patient must be taken into account. In the Case Study, Mrs. Davis verbally objects to being restrained. Despite this, the registered nurse goes ahead to restrain the patient against her will. This is against the nursing and service delivery guidelines. As a result of the act, Mrs. Davis falls and suffers injuries that later lead to her death. This again leads to another legal issue that relates to patient care. This other legal issue is battery. Battery occurs when physical harm results due to negligence or unprofessionalism on the side of the care

Obedience and Arrogance in Epic of Gilgamesh and Book of Genesis of the

Obedience and Arrogance in Gilgamesh and Genesis The issue of obedience figures prominently in both "The Epic of Gilgamesh" and the book of Genesis in the Bible. These works were produced by very different cultures and traditions (Middle Eastern and Hebraic, respectively) and the characters in each react to authority or advice with very different levels of obedience. Noah is found to be righteous by God and is rewarded with a means to escape the devastation of the flood. Gilgamesh, in his arrogance, thinks himself to be above the mortal concept of death. I have chosen the two opening paragraphs from the seventh chapter of "The Epic of Gilgamesh" and Genesis 6:8-22 to illustrate the conflicts between obedience and arrogance. One obvious distinction between "The Epic of Gilgamesh" and Genesis can be traced back to the cultures of the authors. The Gilgamesh epic comes from a culture and religion that is polytheistic. The author (and thus the characters in the epic) believed in a pantheon of gods and goddesses, each possessing human attributes and vices. The Hebraic culture that gave us Genesis revolved around the belief in one Almighty God. The Hebrew God was above man in every way: He was omniscient and all-powerful and yet retained compassion for the humans He had created. While Noah had but one God to serve, Gilgamesh was responsible to many. It seems that many human-like gods each command less respect than one all-powerful God. This idea can be examined by looking at Ishtar's advances to Gilgamesh. This goddess desired the mortal Gilgamesh and he responds by shunning her, thereby being disobedient to his gods. Gilgamesh may be king of Uruk and two-thirds god but that does not make   him an equal. "Co me to me Gilgamesh, ... ... achingly close to eternal life. Each are equally immortalized by their respective cultures. In a way, Gilgamesh did achieve his goal. His aim was to be immortal and in a way he is, witnessed by the fact that we read his story today and will no doubt continue to do so in the future. And as long as Christianity exists in the world, Noah will also be remembered. Gilgamesh gained his notoriety through his arrogance: he ravished women, was desired by a goddess, and rejected his own mortality. Noah achieved fame by being obedient: he was found worthy by God, given an escape route from death, and salvaged the creatures of the earth. Arrogance and obedience may have each achieved the same goal in the end, no one will   forget Gilgamesh, King of Uruk, nor Noah, builder of the ark. Works Cited: Sandars, N. K., trans. The Epic of Gilgamesh. London: Penguin, 1972.

Animal Farm Russian Revolution Analysis

Russian Revolution and Animal Farm Image a brutal Communist Soviet revolution. Now imagine a group of barnyard animals who free themselves from humans in an effort to be free, and rule themselves. In the well-renowned fable Animal Farm by George Orwell the Old Major’s Dream, the construction(s) of the windmill and Napoleon himself are all symbolic representations of the Russian Revolution. Old Major’s Dream blatantly represents Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto. Orwell simplified the basic ideas of Marx’s Manifesto into Major’s dream.Major states that humans are the only species that consume without producing and animals must overthrow them which is relevant to Marx’s main idea, that capitalists collected all the profit from the worker’s profit, and he suggested they overthrow the capitalists if they wanted to be more successful. Old Major’s dream also represents the Manifesto the way he ends his speech. Marx ends the Manifesto wi th commanding the workers to unite, while Old Major ends his speech with commanding his comrades to rebel, both were advocating change.Orwell clearly portrayed Marx’s Manifesto in the story by allegorizing through Old Major’s dream. Another even that directly represented the Russian Revolution was the construction(S) of the windmill, and it represented the conflict between Stalin and Trotsky. Trotsky wanted to continue to spread the revolution, while Stalin wanted to focus on establishing communism in the newly attained Russian countries. This dispute really caused a division, with people following certain sides.In Animal Farm Napoleon felt it was unnecessary to build the windmill and suppressed it, while Snowball promoted it, which divided the Farm. Once Napoleon realized that Snowball’s promotion could have an impact, he exiled him from the farm, as did Stalin to Trotsky. Once their rival had been exiled, they continued to build the windmill and Communism. The decision whether or not to build the windmill represented the decision whether or not to spread Communism, the windmill symbolized Communism. In Animal Farm, the character Napoleon symbolizes Stalin himself.Napoleon acted as an allegory of Stalin, mirroring many of the actions he made. For example, Stalin exiled Trotsky and Napoleon got rid of Snowball, Stalin removed many other opponents and then adopted some of their ideas similarly Napoleon who eliminated Snowball but took his idea of building the windmill, both had a serious of purges where they murdered many traders and such, both were very harsh to their workers with Stalin and collectivization which lead to a huge famine and Napoleon with reduced rations, and they both were deceived, Stalin by Germany and Napoleon by Mr.Federick. Orwell adequately portrayed Stalin as Napoleon which is evident due to all these similarities. Old Major’s dream represented the Communist Manifesto, the construction of the windmill represen ted the feud amongst Trotsky and Stalin, and Napoleon represents Stalin. The author brilliantly allegorized features of the Russian Revolution into a fable consisting of barn animals, and each individual animal’s supposed personality fit well. â€Å"Animal Farm† is a direct symbol of the Russian Revolution.

Shakespeare Sonnet 4 - Analysis

Shakespeare’s Sonnet 4: Sonnet 4: Unthrifty Loveliness, Why Dost Thou Spend is interesting because it is as concerned with the fair youth passing on his attributes to his children as the preceding three sonnets. However, to achieve this, the poet uses money lending and inheritance as a metaphor. The fair youth is accused of being frivolous; spending on himself, rather than thinking of the legacy he could be leaving his children. The fair youth’s beauty is used as currency in this poem and the speaker suggests that beauty should be passed onto his offspring as a kind of inheritance. The poet again depicts the fair youth as quite a selfish character in this poem, suggesting that nature has lent him this beauty which he should pass on – not hoard! He is warned in no uncertain terms that his beauty will die with him which has been a recurrent theme in the sonnets. The poet uses business language to clarify his purpose and his metaphorical position. For example, â€Å"Unthrifty†, â€Å"niggard†, â€Å"usurer†, â€Å"sum of sums†, â€Å"audit† and â€Å"executor†. Discover the sonnet first hand here: Sonnet 4. Sonnet 4: The Facts Sequence: Fourth in the Fair Youth Sonnets  sequenceKey Themes: Procreation, death prohibiting the continuation of beauty, money-lending and inheritance, not leaving a legacy to offspring, the fair youth’s selfish attitude in relation to his own attributes.Style:  Written in iambic pentameter  in sonnet form Sonnet 4: A Translation Wasteful, beautiful young man, why do you not pass on your beauty to the world? Nature has lent you good looks but she only lends to those who are generous, but you are a miser and abuse the amazing gift you have been given. A money lender cannot make money if he does not pass it on. If you only do business with yourself you will never reap the benefits of your riches. You are deceiving yourself. When nature takes your life what will you leave behind? Your beauty will go with you to your grave, not having been passed on to another. Sonnet 4: Analysis This obsession with the fair youth procreating is prevalent in the sonnets. The poet is also concerned with the fair youth’s legacy and is committed to convincing him that his beauty must be passed on. The metaphor of beauty as currency is also employed; perhaps the poet believes that the fair youth would relate to this analogy more easily as we are given the impression that he is quite selfish and greedy and is perhaps motivated by material gains? In many ways, this sonnet pulls together the argument set out in the previous three sonnets, and arrives at a conclusion: The Fair Youth may die childless and have no way of continuing on his line. This is at the heart of the tragedy for the poet. With his beauty, the Fair Youth could have anyone he wanted, and procreate. Through his children, he would live on, and so too would his beauty. But the poet suspects that he will not use his beauty properly and die childless. This thought leads the poet to write  Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee. In the final line, the poet considers that perhaps it is natures intention for him to have a child. If the Fair Youth can procreate, then this leads the poet to consider his beauty enhanced because it fits into the overarching plan of nature.